Sentencing of Juveniles Essay -- Juvenile Crime Criminal Sentence Essa

The Sentencing of Juveniles Today, we live in a society faced with many problems, including crime and the fear that it creates. In the modern era, juveniles have become a part of society to be feared, not rehabilitated. The basis of the early juvenile justice system was to rehabilitate and create safe havens for wayward youth. This is not the current philosophy, although the U.S. is one of the few remaining countries to execute juveniles. Presently, our nation is under a presidential administration that strongly advocates the death penalty, including the execution of juveniles. The media and supporters of capital punishment warn of the "superpredator," the juvenile with no fear, remorse, or conscience. Opponents of this view encourage the idea that another death is only revenge, not deterrence. We will examine the rights allotted to juvenile offenders, and the punishments inflicted upon them for violations of the law. Juvenile Transfers and Waivers For those juveniles deemed dangerous, or those that have committed a serious crime, a different process would follow their initial contact with the court. This involves the removal of the offender from the juvenile system, to be transferred to the adult criminal court. These offenders are adjudicated as an adult if certain factors are present. The waiver to the adult court is often a critical step in receiving a harsh sentence for juveniles. Two Supreme Court cases have addressed the issue of juvenile waivers and transfers, Kent v. United States and Breed v. Jones. The two cases resulted in specific requirements for transfer hearings, including a) a legitimate transfer hearing b) sufficient notice to family and defense attorney c) right to counsel d) a statement regarding reason for the transfer. However, the waiver of juveniles is often criticized by experts for various reasons. "Minors are likely to be looked upon as special persons by prosecutors, probation officers, and judges in the criminal courts. They are younger than the main population of defendants before the criminal courts†¦while a minor may be looked upon as a hardened criminal in the juvenile court, (s)he may be viewed as a mere innocent youngster in criminal court." (Abadinsky 72). Some research has shown that the transfer of juveniles is a waste of both time and money. Why? Because the offender often receives the same treatment or senten... ...ny high profile issue, and in this case we are dealing with the lives of young offenders, many of which claim their age excuses their "mistake." While society must recognize the issues that often fuel adolescent rage, we should be hesitant to withhold punishment. In death row cases, many inmates will reside on death row for more than ten years before being executed. During this time, they undergo many changes, both physically and psychologically and often feel like a different man, and certainly not a violent threat to society. Moreover, we are not executing men (and women) for the people they have become, but for the crime they committed. Their victims did not receive a second chance, so why should we as a society grant convicted killers the chance to live, love, and grow? However, the death penalty must be examined for flaws, including incorporating DNA technology whenever possible. Age has obviously been an important factor in the debate over the death penalty, but we must rea lize we live in an age of violent school shootings and declining alternatives for misplaced youth. Society should not advocate the death of innocents, but vindicate a willful and deliberate loss of life.

Foreign Market Entry Essay

9. How will entry into a developed foreign market differ from entry into a relatively untapped market? Marketers face many issues in the decision making process in order pursue the many different possibilities concerning foreign and domestic markets in terms of expansion and structural change. These companies seek ways to improve capital by expanding into different markets, investing, and enhancing the quality of life with their products in foreign markets and the pursuit of such a move could either be adverse or positive to the company in nature. Initially, there are steps taken and research conducted by the company to ensure the route they area attempting to take will prove to have a positive return, just as long as their plans are in tune with, or along the same lines as, the market they are attempting to interact. As stated in the text â€Å"Comprehensive decisions must be made regarding key strategic choices, such as standardization versus adaption, concentration versus dispersion, and integration versus independence† (Cateora, gilly,graham 306), this means both sides must have cohesion prior to the decision making process to ensure the products, or services, offered have a positive reaction to the culture they are attempting to attract. Among other issues faced by the companies the opportunities presented by outside or foreign, markets are not always in sync with those of the companies, for example, as the text states â€Å"it may be necessary to change the objectives, alter the scale of international plans or abandon them. One market may offer immediate profit but have a poor long-run outlook, while another may offer the reverse† (Cateora, Gilly, Graham 313), this shows the primary difference between developed markets and undeveloped markets because where the resources are lacking within an untapped market they strive and do not provide speed bumps and hinderances within a developed market. The difficulties that lie with conducting business within an undeveloped market further extend also due to the primary issues faced dealing with a well developed market, those challenges include cultural and physical distance due to the â€Å"difficulties of doing business across time zones† (Cateora, Gilly, Graham 313), and these difficulties have been wholly defined and extensively pacified within a developed foreign market. Since there must be a gain from expanding to these foreign markets, the companies work in attempting to unify with the needs of the market to support the expansion may at times exceed the benefits gained. The problems within an undeveloped foreign market could prove too unpredictable to be able to support such a move by an outside source attempting to gain access into the market, among other issues to include foreign investment, and tariffs the expansion could be more costly than it is beneficial. 12. The text discusses stereotypes, ethnocentrism, degree of economic development, and fads as the basis for generalizations about country of origin effect on product perception. Explain each and give an example. Country of origin effect is described as the â€Å"influence that the country of manufacture, assembly, or design has on a consumer’s positive or negative perception of a product (Cateora, Gilly, Graham 363), essentially it is the realization of the products country of origin and the consumer’s translation of the revelation in terms of continued support of the products or services. This realization leads into the generalizations mentioned within the text these generalizations aslo allow the consumer to pass judgement based on their primary ideas or assumptions of the country of origin which are generally bias and culture based either negatively or positively motivated. A stereotype is a common image or judgement of someone or something, as noted within the text, these images are â€Å"formed by experience, hearsay, myth, and limited information† (Cateora, Graham, Gilly 363), generally an idea or bias o forced upon another. Since Most consumers have an idea or notion of other people in other countries these notions have a tendency to find ways to define their products as well, but the ideals and cultures shared within another country could oppose those of others that may not want to support the sell of their products and services. Stereotypes become important within consumer markets because consumers may want to know where and how their products are being manufactured. This also blends into the idea of ethnocentrism where one may believe their culture is superior to another and decide that foreign products have no place in their country and this can influence the opposition of outside products and services. Some stereotypes also have a overall perception of products and services because of where they come from and the premise of what they represent in terms of industrialization and developing, most developing countries have stereotypes against them because of this. This is the practice of dividing similar products into an â€Å"ours† versus â€Å"theirs† circumstance where the home country depends and sides with locally manufactured products and services. Fads are typically products that tend to be in the now and have no home of origin, they simply come and go with time. These stereotypes all have implications concerning generalizations about country of origin simply because every consumer has an opinion on where and how the products and services come about. These opinions become a part of the product life cycle because they determine the positive and negative outcomes of theses products within different regions. Cateora, Philip R., Mary C. Gilly, and John Graham. International Marketing. 14th. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008.

The Effect of Political Machines on the Democratic System...

The Effect of Political Machines on the Democratic System â€Å"A really efficient totalitarian state would be one in which the all-powerful executive of political bosses and their army of managers control a population of slaves who do not have to be coerced, because they love their servitude To make them love it is the task assigned† - Aldous Huxley (Quotes, 1). Through the strong sarcasm in this statement the negative effect political bosses have on a liberal society can be seen. In the late 1800’s there was a rise in the number of incoming immigrants in the United States, and that was when certain groups called ‘political machines’ started to spring up. These groups were initially designed to help†¦show more content†¦Also, Tammany Hall was run by only a small percentage of the population, wealthy, privileged, white males. People in other classes were not represented and had no say, which therefore went against the basis of democracy where everyone is supposed to have an equal say and equal rights. A statistic that shows us just how corrupt Tammany Hall was, is that it is believed to have conned New York City out of somewhere between 30-200 million dollars (about.com, 1). Having such dishonest and deceitful leaders definitely goes against the democratic system, which is all about being honest. Another political machine that went against the principles of democracy was that of Edward Crump. In Memphis, Tennessee, through his political machine Crump controlled everything. That in itself is one of the things that negatively impacted the democratic system. All of the peoples’ power was in one man, which is too much power for one person to have in a democracy. Also, with this power Crump mistreated those lower than him. For example, when he arrived at sporting events the crowd was expected to cheer, and he ordered the people to address him as â€Å"Boss† when talking to him. This is undemocratic since all this power is concentrated in one man, whereas in aShow MoreRelatedPolitical Parties And The Democratic Party984 Words   |  4 Pages When looking at the history of US political parties, and classifying these parties into distinct party systems, five separate periods emerge leading up to the current party system. When classifying these party systems, it is important to look at characteristics such as the number of major parties, how these parties seek t o gain support, and how the parties organize themselves. The earliest American parties were relatively centralized organizations that represented elite level concerns. They formedRead MoreDemocracy In America1589 Words   |  7 Pages Virginia was pried on its honest government in the days of Byrd machine. 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